1. Ukugxila ezimakethe kuyaqhubeka nokwanda

Ngokulandelana okuqhubekayo kwentuthuko nenqubekelaphambili yemakethe ephansi komfula, izidingo zokusekela izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ziyaqhubeka nokuba ngcono, inzuzo yokuncintisana yabakhiqizi abasezingeni lomhlaba abanamandla aqinile iya ngokuya igqama, futhi ukugxila kwemakethe yezixhumi zomhlaba kuya ngokuya kukhuphuka futhi ngaphezulu.

Isabelo semakethe sezinkampani eziyishumi ezihamba phambili ezixhumanisa umhlaba sikhuphuke sisuka ku-41.60% ngo-1995 saya ku-55.38% ngo-2021. Nakuba i-China iyimakethe enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yezixhumi, ngenxa yokuqalisa sekwephuzile, imikhiqizo iyancipha kancane kancane isuka kwephansi iye phezulu. -ukuphela, futhi ukugxila emakethe kuyathuthuka ngokushesha.Kulokhu, izinkampani zezixhumi ezifuywayo zekhwalithi ephezulu, ikakhulukazi izinkampani zokuxhuma ezisohlwini, zingathuthukiswa kangcono futhi zihlele ngenkuthalo imikhiqizo yesixhumi esisezingeni eliphezulu.

2, ijubane lokushintshwa kokwenziwa kwasendaweni lisheshisiwe

Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990s, abakhiqizi abaziwayo bezixhumi e-Europe, e-United States nase-Japan baye badlulisela izisekelo zabo zokukhiqiza ngokulandelana e-China futhi batshala izimali ezimbonini ezisePearl River Delta naseYangtze River Delta.Kulo mongo, amabhizinisi aseShayina azimele axhumanisa akhula kancane kancane.Amandla okucwaninga nokuthuthukisa abakhiqizi basekhaya ayaqhubeka nokuba ngcono, futhi kancane kancane andisa isabelo semakethe yesixhumi ngenxa yezinzuzo ezifana nezindleko eziphansi, eduze namakhasimende, kanye nokuphendula okuvumelana nezimo.

Njengamanje, imakethe yezixhumi ezisezingeni eliphezulu isaphethwe abakhiqizi bamazwe ngamazwe abasezingeni lokuqala, kodwa ukukhuphuka kwamabhizinisi endawo aphansi nakho kukhuthaze ukukhula kwabakhiqizi basekhaya.Izingxabano zezohwebo zamazwe ngamazwe ziholela ekwenyukeni kokungaqiniseki kokutholakala kwemingcele, amabhizinisi endawo aphansi kokubili anciphisa izindleko zezinto ezingavuthiwe, futhi abahlinzeki basondelene nesidingo sokukhiqiza, ngakho amabhizinisi endawo ayandayo avame ukuthenga amazinga afanayo ekhwalithi ngaphansi kwentengo. yezixhumi zasekhaya ezithandwa kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kusheshiswa ukukhuthazwa kokwenziwa kwasendaweni kwesixhumi kanye nokwenza kwasendaweni kokukhiqiza.

Ngenxa yesimo esisha sokuthuthukiswa kwamazwe ngamazwe, uhulumeni waseShayina uhlongoza ukwakha iphethini entsha yentuthuko esekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwasekhaya kanye nokugqugquzela ngokufanayo ukugaywa kabusha kwasekhaya nokwamazwe ngamazwe, okugxile ekuthuthukiseni ukuzinza nokuncintisana kwezimboni kanye namaketanga okuhlinzeka.Ngakho-ke, ukwenziwa kwendawo endaweni kulindeleke ukuthi kube yinkinga ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni kwakamuva, ukuze abakhiqizi basekhaya babambe iwindi lentuthuko lamanje, bahambisane nenkambiso yokushintshaniswa kwendawo, ukuze kwandiswe isabelo semakethe, futhi banciphise igebe. nabakhiqizi bamazwe ngamazwe abasezingeni lokuqala.

3, ukumiswa kokwenza ngokwezifiso ukuziphendukela kwemvelo

Izixhumi zendabuko zingamathuluzi angenzi lutho, njengemikhiqizo esezingeni, eminyakeni yamuva nje, enokwakheka komuntu siqu kwemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi kanye nokunotha kokusebenza, ubunkimbinkimbi besakhiwo, ukuze izixhumi ezikhuphuka nomfula nezinye izingxenye eziyisisekelo zokwenza ngokwezifiso isidingo zikhule kancane kancane.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba imikhiqizo engaphansi komfula ihlakanipha kakhulu, amakhasimende anezidingo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu zokuma kwesixhumi, ubukhulu kanye nomsebenzi;Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yokwanda kokugxilwa kwemboni yezansi nomfula, amabhizinisi aholayo ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene abe amakhasimende amakhulu ezinsizakalo ezibalulekile zabakhiqizi bezixhumi, futhi amakhasimende anjalo avame ukubeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zezixhumi ukuze akhe izici ezihlukene zemikhiqizo. futhi uthuthukise ukuhlonzwa okuphelele kwemikhiqizo.

Kafushane, abakhiqizi bezixhumi badinga ukunaka kakhudlwana ekuthuthukisweni kwamakhono okwenza ngokwezifiso, okuhlanganisa ukunciphisa izindleko zokwenza ngokwezifiso kanye nokunciphisa isikhathi sokwenza ngokwezifiso, ukuze inombolo enkulu yemikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ingathuthukiswa ngokushesha emakethe.Kulo mongo, abakhiqizi bezixhumi kudingeka babe nezinzuzo zesevisi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kuyo yonke inqubo yokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo, ukukhiqizwa kwenqubo, futhi bafinyelele ngokushesha izidingo zamakhasimende zezixazululo eziphelele zobuchwepheshe bokuxhuma kanye nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, izidingo zokulethwa okusheshayo kweqoqo elincane ngokusebenzisa idizayini ye-modular nokuguquguquka. ukukhiqiza.